Measurement of the PIE LANGUAGE

It has been a long time, that intellectuals, scholars and Western linguists, unable to discover the real roots of the languages have come up with the theory of Proto-Indo-European language, according to them, a language already disappeared, by which always according to them, lay out all European languages, giving the same credit to the natural offspring and vehicular ones. The following example is one of the many, that this would likely be not true, empirical roots of PIE language are a "scientific" fairytale , which adds more mystery in the whole account. The truth is that all words of written/spoken, are graphical /lexical transformation product of the primitive words which carry a particular concept in themselves, and there is nowhere common PIE roots, which linguists has filled their books with, defocusing our attention from the simple truth..

Already proven by modern linguistics, in basis of primitive words, where it points-out the verbs, is a system c-v-c (consonant-vowel-consonant) sounds. In Albanian language almost all the verbs obey this rule, eg: 'catch, step, get, increase, see, plays, etc.(kap, hap, marr, rris, shoh, loz) or a even a simpler system eat, drink, do, stay etc(ha, pi, bej, rri), thus a combination of a consonant with a vowel.  One of the most ancient primitive words of Albanian language that has been created when the language has innate itself, is the verb “mas” (measure), which is pronounced so often indiscriminate as “mat”, especially when used for lexical forms of the past, participle/infinitive, names or adjectives. What is measuring(matja) itself?  Measurement is a action performed by human to LEARN about the object/phenomenon, which we evaluate in the vast majority of cases of its dimensions, mass and all other physical measurable characteristics  , that make us able to distinguish it from other objects/phenomenas. Measurement is done also for people, ex. when we meet an unknown person, except measurement (evaluation) of the stature of his appearance, we also learn from him his intellectual level, while measuring(estimating) it. So measurement(matja) is to learn(mesuar). It is the latter that has been introduced ready from  Albanian as a graphical concept to provide the English term of measurement/mass(matjes/mases):

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
measure (v)	mas (fprr mata, matur)
measure (n)	masë {f}

So the English word, does not derive from a common third source (PIE language) together with Albanian one, but it is itself participle of Albanian verb “learn, learned” (mesoj->mesuar->mesur (Gheg).  But this has not happened only to English, it is quite evident even in "another" language , ancient Greek, the word unlearned(pamesuar in blue):

which of course has its lexical appearance in a simpler form, that of Gheg dialect unlearned (i pamesu) where:

pamesu = pa + mesu

English	Shqip
without	pa

                                         

Where à of  the "Greek" marked with diacritical mark above has the same ‘negative’ value as the Albanian pa(without) and most likely they are the same and belong to the same language but in different time. That's how true is this, that the other "Greek" expression  is nothing but  Albanian word unmeasured(pamatës) which has a small deviation in meaning, but expresses the same primitive concept. So "Greek," does not use the verb measure(mas) to express estimation/learning, but measures, while Albanian uses it both [as verb] (mas & mat). It is interesting that when Albanian language has built the other verb  learn (mesoj (masoj) has used mass(mas) while "Greek" has used “mat” from its Greek vocabulary (read: Albanian):

The verb MAT (or MAS) of Albanian has formed innumerable lexical forms not only in Albanian itself but in other "foreign” languages too, which are only forgotten spoken Albanian customized to write the language, and later separated as a  distinct new language:

measure (v)	mas (fprr mata, matur)
meter	matës {m}

So we do not have to do with a secluded common source the PIE language(which according to the linguists, is obsolete), but what we see is Albanian lexical forms that certainly appear  inflected, always following the laws of its morphological transformation, and obtained ready-made of  "foreign languages”, or graphically written somewhat differently from what we write our language today.  Of course the mathematics expression  indicates a continuous action of measurement and is not any particular expression of the "Greek":

	math e mat-a a--> feminine suffix

It only shows that the word in blue (math) is a lexical form of the primitive verb measure(mat, with red) by integrating sound “h” in the morphology of the word, a sound so dear to Old "Greeks" and Albanians, or better to say only, Albanians.

 "Others" Europeans, the English seem to have properly used the Albanian language and its expressions to build their vocabulary, whose words being written with Latin letters as well as Albanian , do not create confusion as "Greek" does on the graphical aspect. For example to use pjekuri(mature) the English uses the word mature:

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
mature	i/e pjekur

But perhaps few Albanians who make the proper connections, that mature(te pjekur) we do call experienced adults, a virtue that comes together over the ages. It is the adults cautious, careful, and thus “measured” (te matur), or mature as we use in English :

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
careful	i/e matur
measure (v)	mas (fprr mata, matur

So to be mature, to become the “measured”,  the time should elapse , or ORA(time) must come, you're not mature on the first place. Therefore, the ancient ""Greeks “" called exactly this expression ORA :

  

Because such they were not, and for this has come ORA (time) to say the truth, the time made us cautious(MATUR), to discover out our divine language history and to take credit for our past..

Was Alexander the Great Greek or Slavo-Macedonian

In the Balkan ‘party’ of the political struggle for creating ethnic identity, we find a new actor, the Macedonians. They are erecting to the best of their ability, a duplicate of the pathetic Serbian & Greek propaganda, always at the expense of the only language and culture unaltered nation: The Albanians.

After much preparation and a hard political battle with the Greeks, over the identity of the Ancient Macedonians and their symbol Alexander, the shameless Science Academy of Macedonia, came up with the so called Encyclopedia of the Macedonian History, claiming Alexander the Great and Ancient Macedonians their ancestor, while the Albanians as Mountains People, who usurped their beloved Macedonia about the 17-th Century. These thesis look identical to their Slavic brothers, Serbs, whose pretenses upon Albanian’s territories are supported to similar concepts of Albanians mass migrations towards Serbian’s land. Macedonians engaged in a desperate battle to their twins in propaganda, the Greeks, they found the way to get rid of  their Albanian neighbors, claiming them in a desperate political movement under the cover of scientific “facts”, as not participants of the ancient history. Although the ancient Balkan territories were not part of anything resembling integrated national entities, the modern Macedonian and Greek scholars are fighting upon a name Alexander the Great. The Macedonians until now have not shown any particular connection to the ancient ones whatsoever, despite the enormous propaganda. So does the Greeks, except the language which for the sake of truth, has many lexical similarities. But we already know that their language is an adoption of Church Byzantine Empire language. Since their state creation a modern ethnic Greek doesn’t bear the same significance as the ancient one. Since its creation, the state of the so called Greeks doesn’t includes the territories lived completely or partially by the ethnic Greeks but those lands inhabited by various ethnic groups who: "took and will take the weapons" against the Ottoman dynasty.

Which in English means: Territories (lands) of Greece are these which "took and will take the weapons" against the Ottoman dynasty.

But let’s return back to the name of the Alexander or Ἀλέξανδρος. According to the Greek propaganda :

Alexander

masc. proper name, from L., from Gk. Alexandros "defender of men," from alexein "to ward off, keep off, turn (something) away, defend, protect" + aner (gen. andros) "man." The first element is related to Gk. alke "protection, help, strength, power, courage," alkimos "strong;" cf. also Skt. raksati "protects," O.E. ealgian "to defend." As a kind of cocktail, it is attested from 1930.

This explanation bears empiric features and is linguistically incomplete. The verb alexein(αλέξείν)   is phantomatic in the so called Ancient Greek language, because it doesn’t  appear to be very popular in use in ancient text. It is probably an inflections of the real verb guard, defend; watch for; (mid.) be on one’s guard

So let’s focus our attention in a very popular word of all the variants of the language which bear the name “Greek”, the word andros which is the second part of the name Alexandros. Any person who speaks Greek uses this word to denote a man. The exact word is andras, and during its declension it appears like this:

Singular	Plural
Nominative	ο άνδρας	οι άνδρες
Genitive	του άνδρα	των ανδρών
Accusative	τον άνδρα	τους άνδρες
Vocative	άνδρα	άνδρες

But no Greek knows the real meaning of the word. This word was one of the many which came deformed to the actual status during the countless adoptions and interventions in the language of the Ancient “Greeks”. The original word is:

It worth a try pronouncing  this word which appear to be somehow different graphically from the modern word. We already know that  ν(n) has a different pronunciation before the vowels, it becomes like new(nju-english), bagno(Italian) or njoh(Albanian)

                          Ancient Greek --------Albanian

Also ή in ancient Greek has similar phonetic value to date(dejt) in English and the same phonetic value to ë (Albanian), which is otherwise pronounced similar to i in Modern Greek.

So the entire word is not pronounced aner like the philologists claim, but anjër  almost identical to the Albanian njëri whose meaning is man:

Even ‘a’ at the beginning of the word is the result of the adjacent nouns:

and it is the Albanian verb asht(is) in its primitive even now ongoing status:

So the noun ‘anjër’ before becoming adjacent was a njër=is a man. It makes perfect sense in Albanian because një is the numeral one, and njëri is either used to denote a person(man) or as the definite of the numeral njëà njëri.

Thus the noun anjëri is not Greek at all, it is being used from Albanians even today, ex:

A njëri qe pot e kerkonà it is somebody/someone looking for you

We know that during the declension the “”Greek”” noun(except the fact it is not Greek) shows like this:

The switch from νà νδ during the declension is an Albanian phenomenon also. The switching to binary letters occurs because of the following consonant r. For example standard Albanian the indefinite nominal of the dream is ender, but when it goes to  definite we have:

andëràandra, which in some archaic dialects still preserves the non digraph consonant ex: anëràandra . When it comes switching from one dialect to another the phenomenon is random:

ni(geg)àndiej(tosk)--feel

nigjoj* ndigjoj(geg)à degjoj(tosk)--listen

niq(geg)à ndiq(tosk)---follow, pursue

nodhà ndodh—happens

etc.

Sometime modern Albanian preserves some archaic forms of the Ancient Greek (which is an old written Albanian dialect). For example:

Ancient Greek: αν(δ)ήρ~ander____________man

Albanian        dhandër(geg) dhëndër(tosk)___________man, husband, groom

Where “dh” is also part of partition to the adjacent nouns and it means dha(give) merging its “a” with the following initial a of the word ander.

The word “aner” is not the only word where we find astonishing similarity with Albanian, and we have the transition νà νδ or δà νδ, we have many:

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
dream (n)	ëndërr {f} (tsh ëndrra) (sh ëndrra) andër(geg)
dream (v) (irrv dreamt)	ëndërroj

Where ô=à=ë(in many Albanian dialects)

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
pursue	ndjek (fprr ndoqa, ndjekur) ndiq

Or

Were the binary cluster nt is transformed to the modern nd

because of the transition from voiceless t----> voiced d

And is represented in Albanian words like:

English (11 entries.)	Shqip (11 hyrje.)
mind (n)	mendje {f}
mind (v)	vë mendjen, kushtoj vëmendje
mentor (n)	mendjedhënës / mendjedhënëse
mentor (n)	këshillues me përvojë
mentor (v)	këshilloj, jap mendje
think (irrv thought)	mendoj, mendohem
conceive	mendoj, krijoj
dwell on	mendoj gjatë, flas gjatë
envisage	imagjinoj, mendoj

Which in some Albanian dialect appears mentë, mendtë and where has come even the English word mean:

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
mean (v) (irrv meant)	nënkuptoj, me mëndjen time, dua ate them

Now you should know what I meant, Macedonians and Greeks are engaged in a big quarrel, fighting upon something that is neither Greek nor Macedonian, but clearly related to the Albanians, and theirs are just efforts to create identities stealing wherever they can find one even though showing themselves shameless.

The impossible aproach to the sea

Albanian is known within historical linguistics as a case of a survival language through many periods of foreign rule who  desperately tried to suppress it, especially during the Ottoman rule. However now, some wild theories, are suggesting that Albanian lost more than 90% of its original vocabulary in favour of the Latin, Greek, Slavic, Italian and Turkish loanwords. In other words, these theories [which have an obscure origin and malicious intentions fueled from the hate towards distinct Albanian culture, which many have tried to erase from the face of earth] claim Albanian language to be just a mechanical mixture of the foreign loanwords. How is this really objectively possible, should be answered by the authors of this theory, because no language could work as a whole, if its lexicon patches on here and there to the original one, presumably replacing it completely. A language is like a living organism, it breathes through the original lexicon, which could replace few of its lexes with loanwords, but not on its vital elements, which make the whole organism functioning.

Some of the critical presumed loanwords,  are the “ maritime terms “ like “fish”, “ship” and “boat”, a thesis presented by the Bulgarian linguist Georgiev, intending “to prove” that the original home of the Albanians, was not the Adriatic and Ionian Sea. So, according this logics, Albanian was missing a word like “fish”, and had to  borrow it from latin “piscis”, basically assuming that fishes can grow only in Adriatic and Ionian Sea, and this territory was  designated only for the Latin and Greek speakers.


The Adriatic coast was not part of the primitive home of the Albanians, because the maritime terminology of Albanian is not their own, but is borrowed from different languages.


By saying this Georgiev, wants to impose the idea that somehow, Albanians when they first appeared in the Adriatic coast, had to borrow the word “fish”, not from the Illyrians and Epirotes, who logically must have had their own expression for this word, but from Latins, cancelling the logical connection Albanians normally must have had with the original known old inhabitants of their land, Illyrians and Epirotes.

But to accept such a thesis, you have to accept events happening to the limits of the impossibility. To accept this, you have to accept, Albanian must have been missing some basic terminologies, ( such as fish, ship or boat,) which means their fathers and their forefathers, and going back to the Proto-Albanian, were unaware about these things, because otherwise they had no reason to replace their own terminology, with that of some strangers. It seems like, entire generations of Albanians, since they were secluded from the other cultures, were willingly to put themselves on hold to name the “fish”, expecting to borrow something of a foreign. Even if they had a name for the fish, just waiting, to dump it away and borrow a new word, from the “people near the sea”, who just happened to be not  the Illyrians and Epirotes(assuming they were not the Albanians themselves) but the Latins. To accept this, you have to assume, Albanians, from wherever they started(The Carpathians?)  the journey towards the Adriatic Sea, were jumping, some vast distance, from one hill peak to another hill peak, or from a mountain peak to another mountain peak, almost willingly avoiding any hydro source, like lakes, ponds and rivers, which naturally contain fishes in abundance, which we all know are proven to be one of the main food sources for the entire humanity, regardless of the terrain, mountainous or seacoast. If this journey really had occurred, Albanians certainly couldn’t avoid intersecting their path to the numerous rivers, flowing all over the earth, and originating especially at the mountains. Also it’s very reasonable to assume, they were using them, to traverse the difficult mountainous terrain, put forward by this theory to be the very home of the Albanian people, possibly since the Proto-Albanian. Saying this, it’s an absurdity, we are forced to assume also, fishes found in those waters, were missed somehow from the Albanian attention, or if not, which seems a better plausible scenario, not considering a food source, and therefore ignoring to name them, until the moment they decided to enter to a contact with Latins the Greeks or Slavic people. To accept such a thesis, not only you are obliged to accept, the Albanian lexicon, was containing some big holes, or at least flabbily, in terms of established terminology like “fish”(which as a matter of facts, can easily be found even at the most mountainous places), or for object like boats, which evidently have been used, by even the most primitive people, since the beginning of time, you must accept, that Albanians selectively borrowed these terminology, from cultures which belong to historical periods, so different in time, for not only decades but centuries and millennia, separate them from each-other. Even if we accept, old Albanians were coming from Carpathian Mountains, and for some reason, they had never seen a boat or a fish in their lifetime or previous generations, we have to accept another not convincing idea, that Albanians met the Latins, Greeks and Slavics before meeting the Illyrians who are a well-known seaman people. But this hypothesis, would force us to accept, the process of establishment of Albanians, in the Illyrian’s land, must have had an end result a quick displacement of the Illyrians and Epirotans, which means a quick disappearance for them and replacement of them from Albanians. But this event would have had an un-ignorable impact in the history, especially into the attentive chronicans eyes, of Latin, Greek and Slavic, from whom Albanians presumably borrowed these terminologies. It would have been immediately registered, in their chronicles such event where, Albanians quickly replaced the Illyrians, evidently by exterminating them. But apparently that was not the case, and this means only 3 possible scenarios:

1.   Albanians gradually replaced the Illyrians and Epirotes

This assumption would have dropped the theory entirely in the first place, because if Albanians for some reasons have had no maritime lexicon built in on their language, they easily could have had that acquired from Illyrian and Epirotes, which were still among them, before they contacting on their path toward the seacoast, “strangers” like Latins, Greeks or Slavics who generally speaking had not liked that much the mountains where Albanians approached from. The next possible scenario was:

2.    Albanians have replaced an intermediate post-Illyrian population.

not only the history doesn’t recognise a mysterious people like this, but like in the Illyrian case, it’s nowhere to be found an event of that dramatic proportion, which is the immediate displacement and replacement of whatever nation by another nation, in our case Albanians

Until that evidence is found, there is only one apparent possibility:

3.   ALBANIANS TO BE THE DESCENDANDS OF the ILLYRIAN AND EPIROTES

A thesis, to a range of a fact, which describes in every possible way, the “silent” and “traceless” disappearance of the iliro-epirotic people. Truth to be told, the name Epirotic, is the very name, which accompanies the Albanians along their known history, since their name firstly been mentioned. That name is the synonym for the name Alban-ian, and as ironically as it could sound, in vicinity of the Adriatic –Ionian Sea.

The theory, that Albanians have a poor vocabulary, in regards to maritime terminology, is poor itself, especially since it is based on the fact that only 3 words of Albanian language, are similar to those cognates in Latin, Greek or Slavic, and seems to be quite impossible as we fairly have reasoned above. Would be quite reasonable, to accept that all 3 languages, Latin Greek and Slavic, are shown unequivocally to be cultivated language, which disperse in Mediterranean for liturgical, trade and education reasons, to have borrowed, a big deal of loanwords, from the only non-religious big nation, of all Mediterranean, during pre-historic times, a period of time, which is hidden from our eyes, for political reasons.