ILLUMINATION

Shouldn't be any debate, about the concept, if the sun is a star or not and vice-versa, and not because the Modern Astronomy says so. What is common between the sun and a star, is the illu-mination concept. Now a concept or a thought is the immediate post-action in our brain, after our perceptive senses, in our case the sight, are affected by a phenomenon, in this case the sun and star significant ability to "re-le-ase the li-ght". A thought is like a silent word, or a silent sentence "read" or "written" inside our brain. During their existence, different cultures for example the Ancient Greeks, mastered to express and/or graphically convey these "read" or "written" "words" and "sentences", inside our brain, and they 'decided', to call it ἥλι(ος) or ἥέλι(ος)( in its archaic form-Homeric) which is strikingly identical to the second part "ielli" of the word Dielli=sun in Albanian. Semantically the word Di-ielli, means "the day star" in Albanian, and is the final result after a series of minor sound treatment and changes, since the real word for "day" in Albanian is "dita", but the root "di" is followed by the ending 't' and nominative "a", the same like : dri-ta, na-ta, pa-ta, ty-ta etc. 

(Similar root we can find in Latin 'dies', which obviously yield 'dia' in Spanish or 'diorno' becoming 'giorno' in Italian after dg-->g sound transformation or 'journée' in French which probably yields the "journey" in English.)

So in few words the terms ἥλιος or ἥέλι(ος) in Greek or Illi(ylli)[star] & Dielli(sun) are graphical representatives of a thought/s about a object/s which illu-minate/s.
Lexically and phonetically, now we are dealing again with involvement of an onomatopoeic syllabic supplement- structure: l+vowel, which happens to be a lexeme in Albanian 'le'=re-le-ase~lë-shoj(Al) unlike any other IE language. 

Definition of illumination, in every culture is:

1 : the action of supplying or brightening with light or the resulting state. 2 : the luminous flux per unit area on an intercepting surface at any given point — called also illuminance.

This "light supply"(illumination) or the synonym brightening, is called ndriç-im(ndritshim) in Albanian and is acquired : në drite(in light)-->n(ë)dritë)--->ndrit(verb)=gleam=glitten=briten

The involvement of a primitive onomatopoeic structure such as l-e, is done due to the automatic semantic reflexes the palatal "l" carries as an ideo-sound [or as an ideograph, to imitate the sound or the phenomenon it suggests. The automatic deployment of a following vowel in this minor phonetic structure is inevitable, and its frequent shifting to a different vowel occurs due to deflection or in some rare case preservation and prevention. This change in a phonetic environment is very normal for the reason expressed above, and certainly for the reason that a language is a vivid organism, which always changes, without losing the DNA, making it distinct among other languages. While the following vowel might shift to a different one, during declension or word meaning expansion, the phoneme "l", will never le-ave, but always will serve as a vessel to carry that initial abstract meaning, which will not be lost even during the word meaning expansion or contraction. 
Using this, is one path, to phonetically/graphically convey the illumination/sun~ star concept. In the case of a "star", Greek (and Latin) is using a different path, to achieve the same objective, coming from a different logics. It's called 'semantics transferability ', from Albanian to create certain dictionary in Greek. The word ἀστήρ (which predates the Latin 'aster'), is an adjacent compound word:

ἀστήρ= ἀ+στήρ

ἀ---> privative preposition = to English un or NOT
στήρ--> is the Albanian meaning sterrë=dark, black

STERRË mb.
1. Shumë i zi; shumë i errët. Natë sterrë. Me leshrat sterrë. U nxi qielli, u bë sterrë.
2. Shumë i ngrysur a i zymtë. U bë sterrë në fytyrë.
3. fig. Që u ka bërë shumë të këqija të tjerëve ose që u dëshiron të keqen, i zi; i përlyer. E ka ndërgjegjen sterrë. E ka shpirtin sterrë.
4. si ndajf. Shumë, fare (për ngjyrën e zezë). Sterrë i zi. I zi sterrë.

carrying the same meaning with:

TERR m.
Errësirë. Terri i natës. Iku (u zhduk) nëpër terr. Erdhi për terr erdhi nëpër errësirë; erdhi në të errur, erdhi vonë. Dolëm nga terri.

which derives again from:

ERR kal.
1. E mbaj dikë deri vonë natën, e vonoj derisa ta zërë nata. Më erri nata më zuri nata. Mos më err.
2. E bëj dikë të mos shohë fare a të mos shohë mirë për një farë kohe, e verboj.
Ia erri sytë dielli.
3. fig. E bëj të mjerë a fatkeq, nxij. Ia erri jetën.
* I erri sytë vdiq.

s(initial reinforcement sound) +t (vowel treated 'të' article) +err(make dark, not-visible-verb)

The compound word simply means: not-dark, since a star is the only object which illuminates in the night sky darkness and it's not result of any descendance from the presumed PIE root garbage.
This is not an isolated case in Greek, when semantics transferability protocol "borrowing" semantics from Albanian, is enforced. There are many, but one should have a deep understanding in Albanian, to realise that connection between two languages.
The word 'αφρός' seems to have no connection with its cognate in Albanian : 'shkumë'. But, the truth is that it borrows its meaning from another Albanian concept afr-oj=appro-ach . The sea-foam is an object in nature, which "the Greeks" have seen to always reach the coast, coming from a certain distance from the sea.
The word itself is used to name the "Morning Star"--Afro-dita, which roughly can be translated : "The day is approaching" which means the "Dawn is coming close". This post will help, to understand that the truth simply can't be hidden in darkness forever, the sun will bring the light, and it will be Aferdita, to signal it first.

THE FATHERS CALL FOR THE TRUTH

The people are interested to know the ethymology of the words sometime, or anytime if you are a person who likes the languages and their origin. So it’s natural to open an Etimology Dictionary(usually to take the wrong information). So did we, being interested for the word ethnic, we opened the ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

ethno-  

comb. form of Gk. ethnos “people, nation, class” (see ethnic), used to form modern compounds such as ethnology (1842, by J.S. Mill) and ethnocentric, 1900, which was a technical term in social sciences until it began to be more widely used in the second half of the 20th century.

Felt a little bit surprised, because we found nowhere an etymological explanation of the word ethnos(which we already know the meaning, just asked for etymology of the word) we continued our search. So far so good,

ethnic  

c.1375, from Scottish, “heathen, pagan,” and having that sense first in Eng., from Gk. ta ethne, used in Septuagint translation to render Heb. goyim, pl. of goy “nation,” especially of non-Israelites, hence “Gentile nation.” Ta ethne is from Gk. ethnos “band of people living together, nation, people,” prop. “people of one’s own kind,” from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of base *s(w)e- (see idiom). Sense of “peculiar to a race or nation” is 1851, return to the word’s original meaning; that of “different cultural groups” is 1935; and that of “racial, cultural or national minority group” is Amer.Eng. 1945. Ethnicity is from 1953; ethnic cleansing is from 1991.

At this point we are stunned. Ethnos –according to the “proffesional linguists”-derives from

THE TROJAN WAR AND THE “PURITY” OF A FAMOUS RACE

Our modern understanding of the “nationality” is a complex one and  we are not certain if we could apply the same toward the people of antiquity. However we will follow a simple rule: During all the times every person is borne with a nationality. This rule must be valid for the people who in Classical Era were called Hellenes. We will start right there, Classical Era. It has been widely accepted that the classical Hellenes were not an uniform body of people, many nationalities were forming  the “nation” called Hellenes.

It was  two mayor distinct groups among  many other nationalities :

1. Pelasgians(which were not proper Hellenes), a pre-Hellenic people which include:

a.    Ionians

b.    Athenians

c.     Aeolians

d.    Islanders

    2. Hellenes

            a. Dorians

The falsification of the inscriptions transliteration in the “”Greek”” Corpus of Epigraphy?

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It is clearly visible not SIMIA LYKISKOI but FIMIA XIYNEPON(FIMIA HYJNERON)= The child deifies

The unusual word XIYNERON, which falls short of our expectation to be a "Greek" one,  possibly a variation of the ευχη (pray to the Gods),  "strangely" looks very Albanian: hyjneron a verb (3-rd singular) derived from the noun Hy-u=God, Deity

English (2 entries.)                                                                                        Shqip (2 hyrje.)
deity                                                                                   hyjni (sh hyjni), hy {m} (tsh hyu) (sh hyj)
God                                                                                                              hy {m} (tsh hyu) (sh hyj)

The child is deified, let it be for the good.

FIRST ANCIENT TESTIMONY

In considering whether the Modern Greek language is a natural descendant of the Ancient one, I have complete confidence in replying in the negative. I have many reasons thinking this.
Although Modern Greek language is often credited or it often ‘credits’ itself, being a Hellenic dialect continuously spoken in the Greek family hearths, generation after generation, it doesn’t look to me it really happened. It was another place where this language has been continuously spoken: the Church.
Yes it’s been spoken from a limited number of middle class orthodox believers Ottoman families ,  of some high ranking Christian Church clergy and a very small minority of Christian educated [in the best case since the Byzantine Church artificially adopted the Koine (and not the Attic, like some people like to say) language for liturgic purposes. Other than that no one spoke Greek before Greece was a country .
The Koine itself was a semi artificial language, and was spread to the East mostly for liturgics and political and comercial purposes, and never represented the original language of the Hellenes, like it never represented the Hellenes themselves.
The exorbitant fantasy of the theory in which the Modern Greeks are

THE PELASGIAN ..........OUR NEIGHBORS

Many people have tried to explain the meaning of the word Pelasgoi or Pelasgian. We already know the inhabitants of Pelasgia ( Argos capital) were called Danaioi(Argives)  were named after their king Danaus.

In the historical sources, the Danuna are known by many different names such as Denyen, Danunites, Danaoi, Danaus, Danaids, Dene, Danai, Danaian.

These were the same people who attacked Troy and wrongly considered by the historiography as Hellenes(Greeks).

Danaus, or Danaos ( Δαναός), was a mythological character, twin brother of Aegyptus and son of Achiroe and Belus, a mythical king of Egypt. The myth of Danaus is a foundation legend of Argos, one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus. In Homer’s Iliad, “Danaans” (”tribe of Danaus”) and “Argives” commonly designate the ””Greek””” forces opposed to the Trojans.

Evidently Argeoi, Pelasgjoi, Danaidai, Mykenaoi, Argives, Pelasgos, Pelasgjikos, Pelasgjia, Argolis are interchangeable for each other. They represent the same people and land, the Pelasgians of Peloponnesus originally from Egypt. 

They inhabited a vast territory, mainly Peloponnesus and Epirus. That was the situation before the arriving of the real “Greeks” the Hellenes (Dorians). It’s logical that these Hellenes were just next to the Pelasgians (Danaoi, Argives, and Achaeans) before, and then subdued them. In other words they were neighbors to each other.

Being so, it’s normal that they could have been called our neighbor, by the Hellenes.

Let’s take a look at the word neighbor:

It’s evident that pelas means neighbor, and

gjë or gja means land.

Thus PELASGIA literally means the land adjacent ours, or the neighbor land.

So Pelasgians are the neighbor of the Hellenes (Dorians or Heraclites, an Illyric nation)

Like we can see pelas is not the first correspondent word for the neighbor. The exact correspondent word is GEITON which is pronounced gjiton.

This pronunciation is totally the same with the Albanian word:

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
neighbour, neighbor	gjiton / gjitone
neighbour, neighbor	fqinj / fqinje
neighbour, neighbor	komshi / komshie (shumës komshinj)

The natural question would be: “Is the above word a loan from Greek”?

No. The Albanian word gjiton derives from the adverb ngjitur (in the Gheg dialect ngjit which means near, close by, adjacent to and/or from the adjective e ngjitur which is the same thing.

English (18 entries.)	Shqip (18 hyrje.)
adjacent	i/e ngjitur, afër

The very source of this word is the Albanian verb ngjis:

Attach, close up, bring close to, bring near

ngjis (kr. thj., pj. ngjita, ngjitur)

Do we have the correspondent word in ancient “Greek”. Yes we do

The word εγγύς is pronounced engjis.

Its obvious that the source of the word is the Albanian verb e ngjis which forms the place adverb ngjitur or ngjit(in gheg) or ngjitun(in gheg).

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
near (adverb)	Pranë, ngjitur
near (adverb)	Afër, ngjitur
next, next to	ngjitur, ngjitur me

What is a neighbor?

Neighbor:

n.

1. One who lives near or next to another.

2. A person, place, or thing adjacent to or located near another.

v.tr.

To lie close to or border directly on.

v.intr.

To live or be situated close by.

adj.

Situated or living near another

The Ancient Greek language is always seen as a separate branch of IE languages.

That is not true. The truth is as the following:

1. The Ancient Greek is not the language of the Hellenes
2. The Ancient Greek is the language of the Pelasgians.
3. The Ancient Greek is the language of the Pelasgian group of Egypt.
4. Hellenes have spoken originally an Illyrian dialect.
5. Ancient Greek (Pelasgian language) and Illyrian language have the same source (probably the later could be the source of the former).
6. Most of the Hellenes lost their original language.
7. The language of the literature(Attic, Ionic) is a conventional one its not the spoken language.
8. Unlike most of the beliefs that language of the Hellenes evolved in the today Modern Hellenic, I strongly believe that the later one is artificial bastard imitation and morphologically unable to explain the former.
9. Graicoi is not the same with Hellenes, Aristotle is definitely wrong.
10. Graicoi are a mix Semitic-Thracian tribe while Hellenes an Arian migration.
11. Hellenes represent the vanguard of the south Illyrian tribes returning back in the Peloponnesus which was their land before the invasion of the Egyptian Pelasgians.

PA

Since Ventris “”deciphered”” the Mycenaean Scripts nobody was interested anymore to develop some thorough study in the already “known” languages like for ex. "Ancient Greek””.

Now people who study grammar and orthography of the Ancient Greek language is very familiar to the diacritic marks placed above the initial vowel in different words. The linguists already know the meaning of them like ā or ă placed above alfa. According to the linguists they are used to show either a long vowel or a short one. They explain also some other strange marks meaning: “the signs placed above the initial vowel indicate the presence of an aspirated sound or the absence of an additional sound”. They are called breathing. In other words breathing always occur before the first vowel sound of a word, and are either hard or soft.

They are indicated by either a ‘ or a ` over the first vowel. The former (hard) indicated an aspirated vowel (in other words, pronounce the word as if it began with an English “h” sound. The latter (soft) means there is no “h” sound, and simply pronounce the word as written (Oxcord University Press. ISBN 0-19-514956-4)

Let’s take a quick look at them:

῾

Aspirate or rough breathing: a sign placed over an initial vowel or initial rho to indicate an initial h-sound

ἥλιος ὁδός

Thus between the linguists is establishet that because of that mark the above words are pronounced helios and hodos. To justify that they give the following explanation:

In the old Attic alphabet Η or heta represented the h-sound. In the Ionic alphabet, the same symbol represented a vowel, eta, because the Ionic dialect had lost aspirations and had no need for heta.

THE “IGNORANCE” OF THE ‘QELESHE’

It has always been an interesting case in the scholars works, studying  words with an unical meaning, whose cognates in other languages do not  exist, even inside the same languages families.
Let’s see one of them . The word ‘qeleshe‘ in Albanian is unical, like it’s unical the object it represents.

Different types of the Albanian ‘qeleshe’


What a qeleshe is?
A qeleshe is a traditional skull cap, which 

Four sides of the horizon speak Albanian

Four sides of the horizon speak Albanian.

In all cultures, the horizon directions, which serve for spatial and time orientation, for construction and for many other purposes, are defined historically by the movement of the sun, or meteorological factors that these directions are related.
Everyone knows, that North in Northern Hemisphere is synonymous with the cold, and is the North which brings the cold winds, snow and ice. Of course, that it is valid for the Balkan region too, the cold wind and snow always come from the North, hence the  Albanian word Veri(north) expresses exactly this vje + ere(winds come), which is reduced in one adjacent name Veri, in a way  fully submissive of Albanian language principle.
Since the North Wind is the wind of the snow, thus the cold wind, which in ancient time it had been called boreas or boras.

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
snow	borë {f}, dëborë {f} bora {tr. shq}

Meteorologists and climatologists have certainly called like this the North Wind to the northern Balkans: